When we communicate we are doing so from one of our own alter ego states, our Parent, Adult or Child. Or Child we must do so through our adult. The adult in us begins to form at around ten months old and is the means by which we keep our Parent and Child under control. Our 'Adult' is our ability to think and determine action for ourselves, based on received data. When anger or despair dominates reason, the Child is in control. This is the seeing, hearing, feeling, and emotional body of data within each of us. Our internal reaction and feelings to external events form the 'Child'. We can change it, but this is easier said than done. Our parent isįormed by external events and influences upon us as we grow through early childhood.
Typically embodied by phrases and attitudes starting with 'how to', 'under no circumstances, 'always' and 'never forget', 'don't lie, cheat, steal', etc. Our Parent is made up of a huge number of hidden and overt recorded playbacks. We were conditioned by our real parents, teachers, older people, next-door neighbours, aunts and uncles, Father Christmas and Jack Frost. This is our ingrained voice of authority, absorbed conditioning, learning and attitudes from when we were young. Transactional Analysis became the method of examining the transaction wherein: 'I do something to you, and you do something back'.īerne also said that each person is made up of three alter ego states: The person who responds is called the Respondent. The person sending the Stimulus is called the Agent. The reaction from the other person he called the Transaction Response. His starting point was that when two people encounter each other, one of them will speak to the other. He said that verbal communication, particularly face-to-face, is at the centre of human social relationships and psychoanalysis. In the 1950s Eric Berne began to develop his theories of Transactional Analysis. the link between the biological and the psychological, eg a psychological fear of spiders and a biological feeling of nausea. There is a certain connection between mind and body, i.e. Hidden experiences when replayed are vivid, and affect how we feel at the time of replaying. It is possible for a person to exist in two states simultaneously (because patients replaying hidden events and feelings could talk about them objectively at the same time). The human brain acts like a tape recorder, and whilst we may 'forget' experiences, the brain still has them recorded.Īlong with events the brain also records the associated feelings, and both feelings and events stay locked together. Penfield's experiments went on over several years, and resulted in wide acceptance of the following conclusions: The patients 'replayed' these events and their feelings despite not normally being able to recall them using their conventional memories. Past experiences, and the feelings associated with them. Penfield proved, using conscious human subjects, by touching a part of the brain (the temporal cortex) with a weak electrical probe, that the brain could be caused to 'play back' certain
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In 1951 Dr Wilder Penfield began a series of scientific experiments. The essential conviction that each one of us has parts of our personality which surface and affect our behaviour according to different circumstances. Since then, new theories continue to be put forward, all concentrating on
Throughout history, and from all standpoints: philosophy, medical science, religion people have believed that each man and woman has a multiple nature.Ĭentury, Sigmund Freud first established that the human psyche is multi-faceted, and that each of us has warring factions in our subconscious. Modern Transactional Analysis theory article. This section covers the background to Transactional Analysis, and Transactional Analysis underpinning theory. Whether you're in business, a parent, a social worker or interested in personal development, Ericīerne's Transactional Analysis theories, and those of his followers, will enrich your dealings with people, and your understanding of yourself. In clinical, therapeutic, organizational and personal development, encompassing communications, management, personality, relationships and behaviour. Transactional Analysis has wide applications Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous 'parent adult child' theory is still being developed today. Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories of modern psychology.
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